Thursday, September 3, 2020

Oil and Gas Problems in Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan's Oil Supply Chain Management Challenges Kazakhstan is enriched with rich oil holds, which give a significant wellspring of incomes for stable financial development and improvement of the nation's expectation for everyday comforts. This paper tends to the test the Republic of Kazakhstan faces in dealing with its oil gracefully chain. The nation's ability for refining unrefined petroleum is insignificant and a significant segment of that refining limit is outside the Republic; added to that, the vast majority of the pipelines and processing plants to trade oil to worldwide markets are mutually overseen by the Republic and global partnerships (MNCs).Thus there are political, innovative and monetary dangers for the republic's oil flexibly chain. 14 Jay Nathan, The Peter J. Tobin College of Business, St. John's University As in other oil delivering countries, Kazakhstan's oil industry incomes legitimately rely upon the overall costs for oil and oil items, in light of gracefull y and request; and incomes rely upon the expense of creation and shipping the last item to clients (Rasizade, 1999). For Kazakhstan's oil gracefully chain, the physical dispersion framework interfacing supplies of unrefined petroleum to processing plants and to the world markets through pipelines, has been testing and costly.Moreover, right now Kazakhstan is furnished with just a couple ; treatment facilities and subsequently the significant part of Kazakhstan's raw petroleum is being refined in Russia. As of late, China has put intensely in the development of pipelines over the Republic of Kazakhstan to gracefully the expanded interest for oil in China. In this manner Kazakhstan needs to oversee political, specialized and budgetary dangers in the coordination of her oil flexibly chain (Gaudenzi and Borghesi, 2006; Lockamy and McCormack, 2004). In the time of quick mechanical turn of events and globalization. It is basic that each country adjusts to such an environment.Supply chain the executives has become a significant methods for supporting upper hand for every effective industry and organizations (Magretta, 1998). The goal of each flexibly chain, including the worldwide oil industry, is to expand the general worth produced. The worth a gracefully chain creates [to an association, or to a nation] is the contrast between what the last item is worth to the client and the exertion the Introduction Kazakhstan has significant stores of oil; nonetheless, the nation faces a genuine hindrance of not having any immediate access to the untamed ocean, as the Caspian Sea is landlocked.While her oil industry's upstream cost, I. e. , the expense for investigation, improvement and creation of raw petroleum, might be like that of most other oil delivering countries, its downstream cost, I. e. , transportation of raw petroleum to the processing plant, refining and transportation to business sectors specifically, is all the more exorbitant (Sridharan, Canines and Patterson; 2005). For Kazakhstan to move the oil to world markets, the business needs to rely upon pipelines (Cavenagh, 1999) through different nations. Likewise, keeping up such an activity requires an enormous number of gifted specialists, yet Kazakhstan needs more of them.Kazakhstan's Oil Supply Chain Management Challenges 15 flexibly chain exhausts in filling the client's solicitation. For most business gracefully chains, worth will be emphatically associated with flexibly chain productivity, the contrast between the income created from the client and the general expense over the gracefully chain (Chopra and Meindl, 2003; Lee, 2002; Cavinato, 2002). The Republic of Kazakhstan will do well to monitorâ€especially to support development †the general estimation of her oil gracefully chain in the coming years. on account of treatment facility gain {www. gravmag. com, 2006).It is imperative to take note of that more noteworthy monetary prizes can be increased uniquely with all around coo rdinated worldwide oil flexibly chain the executives. Oil Production Sharing Agreement and Risks in Kazakhstan The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of Kazakhstan and the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of Russia, intermittently set portions for Kazakhstan's oil course through A russian area. For instance, on December 25, 2000 the portion for Kazakhstan was set at 17. 3 million tons. The notice among Kazakhstan and Russia of October 9, 2000 sets the guideline of â€Å"a single route,† whose sole administrator is the Kazakh Oil Company.Annual quantities rely for the most part upon the political relations between the two countries. Other than legislative issues, there is additionally a specialized hazard factor, I. e. , the serious extent of pipeline wear and crumbling, which may hamper the viability and nature of administrations gave to trading nations. What's more, the absence of legitimate upkeep of these oil pipelines exists essentially because of the way that an enormou s number of all around prepared neighborhood experts and architects who are required are not accessible to day (Doing Business with Kazakhstan, 2004).Kazakhstan's oil pipeline frameworks were worked during the '70s {more than 60 percent of oil pipelines of the Western branch, to be definite) and the rest during the '80s {75 percent of the Eastern branch). Consequently, toward the year's end 2000, Oil creating nations and worldwide flexibly chains Energy makes the wheels of worldwide gracefully chains go round (Bud La Londe, 2006). A common oil flexibly chain starts with the raw petroleum maker, next, the oil moves to the purifier, the transporter, the retailer lastly to the gas siphon where a client gets the product.The top world oil makers are Saudi Arabia, Russia, the United States, Iran, Mexico, China, Canada, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela, Norway, Kuwait, Nigeria, Brazil, Kazakhstan and Iraq. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) controls significant raw petroleum supplies to the world. OPEC impacts the cost of raw petroleum by setting creation quantities. The qualities {revenue openings) are included by preparing and artificially replacing the unrefined petroleum, which is called â€Å"refining. A 42-gallon barrel of raw petroleum makes around 19 1/2 gallons of gas, nine gallons of fuel oil, four gallons of stream fuel and 11 gallons of different items, including ointments, lamp oil, black-top and petrochemical feed-stocks to make plastics. This indicates in excess of 42 gallons Supply chain the executives has become a significant methods for continuing upper hand for every single fruitful industry and organizations. Kazakhstan's Oil Supply Chain Management Challenges 16 55 percent ofthe pipelines were 10 to 20 years of age and 12 percent had been utilized for in excess of 30 years.Only 1 percent has been utilized for under 10 years. As time passes by, those pipelines are getting considerably more seasoned and that implies not ju st the hazard and cost of keeping up them would be bigger, yet additionally the circumstance presents genuine specialized issues also for the Republic of Kazakhstan {Petroleumjournal. com, 2006). type of joint endeavors, creation sharing understandings and investigation/field understandings. Oil is recuperated from 55 fields. The biggest of these fields are: Tengiz (somebody billion tons of anticipated oil holds); Karachaganak (340 million tons in oil saves, mutiple. billion tons in gas condensates and mutiple. 3 trillion cubic meters of flammable gas); Uzen (with more than 1. 5 billion tons of topographical hydrocarbon saves, of which in excess of 200 million tons are extractable) and Kumkola (with 350 million tons of oil holds, of which 80 million tons of oil and 75 billion cubic meters of petroleum gas are demonstrated). The Caspian and Aral Sea rack additionally contain noteworthy stores. As of now, there are just three significant treatment facilities in Kazakhstan: Atyrau, Shy mkent and Pavlodar (see Exhibit 2). Kazakhstan's Oil Fields and ProductionMangistau and Atyrau oblasts (territories) are the primary oil creating regions in Kazakhstan (see Exhibit 1). They represent in excess of 70 percent of the all out oil separated in the Republic. The other three extricating districts, Aktyubinsk, Kzylorda and Zapadno Kazakhstanskaya, represent the rest of. Universal oil ventures have taken the Exhibit 1: Production (in thousand tons) by areas 1998 Crude oil, thousand tons Aktubinskaya Atyrauskaya Zapadno-Kazakhstanskaya Kyzylordinskaya Mangistauskaya 23,818. 7 2,640. 8 11,135. 1 3,007. 8 7,035. 0 1999 26,735. 8 2,326. 7 12,359. 3 3,928. 8,121. 7 2000 30,647. 9 2,701. 1 13,422. 0 13. 5 533. 8 9,173 2001 36,060. 0 3,405. 3 15,589. 5 49. 4 6,172. 8 10,843. 0 Source: National Statistics Agency of Kazakhstan, 2005 Kazakhstan's Oil Supply Chain Management Challenges 17 Exhibit 2: Design and Delivery Capacities of Major Refineries Plant Design Capacity m In. tons Act ual Deliveries min. tons Per month Design thousand tons Actual thousand tons Per day Design thousand tons Actual thousand tons Shymkent Oil Refinery PavlodarOil Refinery Atyrau Oil Refinery 6. 5 3. 6 2. 3 590 326. 8 189. 5 245. 4 19. 7 22. 6 14 10. 9 6. 3 7. 5 4. 677 418 2. 7 8. 2 Source: National Statistics Agency of Kazakhstan, 2005 †¢ Pavlodar (a remote speculator was given an administration concession in 1997; the plant has been under government control since summer 1999) forms principally light unrefined from Siberia and supplies the northern area of Kazakhstan; †¢ Atyrau has a place with Kazakhoil, preparing substantial local oil and supplies the western district; †¢ Shymkent was for the most part sold (95 percent) to private financial specialists in 1996. It forms devoted rough from the area (Kumkol, Aktyubinsk, Turkmen fields) and supplies the south, especially Almaty.Kazakhstan's Oil Production and Distribution Costs A large number of various plans exist for separating oil incomes between the host nation and the outside accomplice. The typical objective for conveyance of income from creation to advertise is around 85 percent to the host nation and 15 percent to the oil organization. This proportion can be translated in a wide range of ways with various sorts of legally binding structures; it additionally relies upon the host nation's laws and inclinations, yet as a rule oil organizations focus on this ratio.This number has varie

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Scholarship Essay Examples - Finding the Right One For You

Scholarship Essay Examples - Finding the Right One For YouWriting a scholarship essay for a college student can be tricky, especially if you are dealing with financial need. The truth is, there are numerous opportunities to find examples of other scholarship essay examples that are more to your liking. So how do you choose the right one?First, there is the most basic requirement to finishing your project successfully. This is not taking shortcuts in your writing. You should simply know what the best scholarship essay examples are. You must first identify the particular topic that you wish to write about. For example, if you want to write an essay about how you made it in life after your parents passed away, you need to search for good examples of scholarships on how to make it after death.You also need to be aware of the fact that someone else had already written something like this. In order to avoid plagiarism, you should consider a few things before you start. For example, if some one wrote an essay on how he or she made it after death, you can search for scholarship examples on how to deal with other things after death.Now, as you are looking for the examples, try to find two or three words that describe your story and a significant part of it. And try to avoid other words that might confuse your readers and make them confused as well.Now, as to the style that you will use, it depends on your own needs and desires. Some people may prefer to use first person and others may prefer to use third person. It also depends on the subject matter of your essay.Another important factor that you should consider is how the writer deals with the thesis statement. This is very important as this is where the purpose of your project lies. Therefore, you need to work on writing an essay that perfectly fits your thesis statement.If you are an English major, you need to check whether you are an excellent writer or not. You should also consider how you will be able to relate to the reader.You should also take into consideration how you will be able to find the right resources. There are many online websites that can help you out with this task. They can help you connect to the right resources.

Friday, August 21, 2020

The World Trade Organization

The mental fortitude and commitment that was shown by the protestors in the video was what I acknowledged. It was another thing to see a gathering of individuals meet up to fight something that they accepted so emphatically notwithstanding being pepper splashed, shot at with elastic projectiles, and tossed into jail†¦.. In any case, for what reason would anybody go to these lengths to challenge an association? The World Trade Organization was made in Jan. 1 1995 and has 140 part nations. As indicated by their official site www. wto. organization the associations primary design is to, â€Å"help exchange stream as uninhibitedly as conceivable insofar as there are no unfortunate symptoms. This somewhat implies expelling snags. † However the association isn’t a popularity based association. Rather the WTO rules are composed by and for companies with inside access to the exchanges. Resident contribution by buyer, natural, human rights and work associations is reliably disregarded as WTO gatherings are held covertly. As per the video, out of the 100 biggest economies on the planet, 51 are companies and just 49 are nations. Accordingly it is no big surprise why such huge numbers of came to fight this mystery meeting held in Seattle, WA. As indicated by the video numerous protestors contended that the WTO and its saying of free world exchange is stepping over work and human rights in nations all through the world as the utilization of modest work and youngster work are consistently disregarded by the WTO. The magazine Global Exchange expresses that the WTO is blocking human rights maltreatment since they have decided that, â€Å"1) It is illicit for a legislature to boycott an item base in transit it is created and 2) Governments can't consider the conduct of organizations that work with horrible fascisms, for example, Burma. The protestors in the video likewise felt that the WTO was pulverizing nature. Proof of this, goes back to 1993 when as indicated by the Global Exchange, â€Å"The absolute first WTO board decided that a guideline of the US Clean Air Act, which required both residential and remote makers the same to deliver cleaner fuel, was illicit. As of late, the WTO pronounced illicit an arrangement of the Endangered Species Act that requires shrimp in the US to be gotten with an economical gadget that permits imperiled ocean turtles to get away, and the WTO is at present arranging an understanding that would take out taxes on wood items, which would expand the interest for timber and heighten deforestation. Subsequently I accept that these companies ought not be permitted to keep on pulling off such activities. The individuals in Seattle regarded their legitimate option to collect. The activities taken by the city of Seattle against these protestors were excessively outrageous I’m still muddled for what reason they took such extraordinary measures against the protestors. These were quiet fights and the city went nuts over a couple of broken windows at partnerships, for example, Starbucks and Nike. In my perspective the means taken by the city of Seattle was path over the line and its appalls me that quiet protestors were tossed into prison for exhibiting a legitimate right in the constitution.

Monday, June 8, 2020

Bromdens Perspective One Flew Over a Symbolic Nest - Literature Essay Samples

Ken Keseys novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest is set in a mental institution, where the characters’ mental illnesses reveal much to the reader. Kesey enlightens the reader by characterizing the reticent Chief Bromden, who narrates the main events of the story, as a mentally ill man. In particular, the novel succeeds in revealing the symbolism in Bromdens delusions and in writing the harrowing tale in Chief’s stark point of view. Chief’s original characterization portrays him as very mentally sick, and his delusions help further the plot. Kesey starts the book off by revealing the reader multiple layers of information, saying that Nurse Ratched has â€Å"let her arms section out long enough to wrap around† several misbehaving aides (Kesey 5). By doing this, not only is he describing what her character is like and how she is viewed on the ward, but also telling the readers that Chiefs narration may be unreliable. Additionally, Chief is obsessed with what he calls the Combine, which he defines as â€Å"a huge organization that aims to adjust the Outside as well as [] the Inside† (Kesey 22). Chief constantly rants about the combine, but he actually has a point. One night, he swears he sees a â€Å"whole wall [slide] up† (Kesey 67). This happens after a dramatic ward event because he’s worried the nurse will win, giving insight into how the actions of the Nurse and Mcmurphy are affecting other in the ward. Chief’s delusion of the combine reacts and adjusts to the real world, cluing the reader in to what each action means in the context of the plot and its symbolic importance.. Therefore, his delusions give the reader a broader understanding of the text and the world outside of it. Chief Bromden’s delusions and hallucinations color the perspective from which the otherwise perspicuous story is told: â€Å"They don’t bother not talking out loud about their hate secrets when I’m nearby because they think I’m deaf and dumb† (Kesey 4). This give him a fly-on-the-wall, insider’s view on everything going on in the ward behind the scenes, especially as the crass McMurphy begins to subvert Nurse Ratched’s authority. Chief describes Nurse Ratched as a â€Å"real veteran at adjusting things† (Kesey 22). This information seems reliable; as far as one can tell, there is no disparity between Chief’s account and the attitudes of the other patients. The nurse is shown to manipulate and engineer circumstances to get what she wants. Conversely, some of Chief’s delusions are less literal. After believing a group of men killed a patient on the ward, Chief says he thinks that â€Å"somebody’ll drag me out of the fog† and erase all evidence of what went on (Kesey 69). All of this makes Chief’s life is quiet and somewhat choleric and lugubrious, yet chaotic, which flavors the story. Likewise, the Combine is a symbol for the conformist pressure of American society, yet it has a dual role in that it also symbolizes Chief’s madness since he legitimately thinks there is a combine. The â€Å"Combine† is a symbol for power and control, an extended metaphor used throughout the book. Chief defines the combine as aâ€Å" huge organization that aims to adjust the Outside as well as she has the Inside† (Kesey 22). Chief constantly writes about the control beyond the combine, saying that the patients all â€Å"breath [sic] in †¦ and out †¦ in perfect order; hearts all beating at the rate the OD cards have ordered† (Kesey 25). The monotony in the ward symbolizes the lack of freedom in the ward, and, outside of the book, in the daily lives of Americans, which is contrary to the author’s nonconformist ideals. Similarly, when a patient, Mr. Taber, asks what medicine he is being given, he was treated as though it was a presumptuous de claration: the Big Nurse says that if the patient â€Å"chooses to act like a child, he may have to be treated as such.† (Kesey 26). Kesey does this to show that people cannot rebel if they’re being undermined and treated like fussy children, which corresponds to how the hippies were treated. He relates the symbolism in the story with control in the real world, since he brazenly identified as a hippie and clashed with authority. Kesey enlightens the reader by characterizing Chief as a mentally ill man through potent turns of both perspective and symbolism. The author’s work also illustrates how the moribund culture at the time was unnecessarily stacked against free-flowing spirits longing leave a dint in the world and against mentally ill people alike. Only through a work such as One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, perhaps, could a man such as Chief Bromden attain a voice.

Sunday, May 17, 2020

Should people convert to Vegetarianism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 739 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Health Essay Level High school Topics: Vegetarian Essay Did you like this example? People eat meat and think they will become strong as an ox, forgetting that the ox eats grass Pino Caruso. In the United States around eight million adults have converted to vegetarianism; removing meat, fish and poultry out of their diet. Some vegetarians do eat eggs and dairy products depending on how extreme they want to go considering vegetarian diets. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Should people convert to Vegetarianism" essay for you Create order Vegan a total vegetarian remove any animal byproducts from their diet while pescatarians (partial vegetarians) avoid meat but still eat fish. Reasons for converting range from weight loss, morals, to anatomy. When following the diet and continuing a healthy lifestyle it seems like a better alternative. As of recent, researchers have been able to back up that vegetarianism promotes healthy weight, delivers complete nutrition, and human anatomy has evolved to support a primarily vegetarian diet. In many different studies vegetarians have been seen as healthier without the meat and a proper diet; eating fruits and veggies instead of an abundance of unhealthy snacks. In an Oxford University study, out of 37,875 healthy men and women (ages 20-97), 5.4% of meat eaters were obese compared to 3% of vegetarians (Procon.org). In the study it continued to include that the people who ate meat had 8.3% higher BMI then the vegetarians. There is an obvious health shift when eating like this; Americans who struggle with obesity or weight in general could solve their problem by converting. Some argue that removing meat from ones diet could cause a lack of necessary nutrients; however, there are many plant based alternatives to meat that can give the same nutrients. Nuts, beans, dairy, and legumes are some healthy high-protein based foods that can substitute for meat. The American Dietetic Association stated, [all] appropriately planned vegetarian diets are healthful, nutritionally adequate, and may provide health benefits (Harvard Health). Emphasizing on appropriately planned; when converting to vegetarianism, you cannot remove meat from your diet and not replace the nutrients you are missing from meat. If you cannot become a complete vegetarian it is still good to be aware of how much meat you are consuming and trying to utilize available alternatives. However, always remember that this diet is not impossible and can be done while still getting the necessary vitamins, fats, proteins etc.. Another common argument between meat-eaters and non-meat eaters is whether or not human evolution was meant for humans to consume meat or for a plant-based diet. Many people who refuse to take meat out of their diet claim that humans have been eating it for hundreds of years, why stop now. Some say that a dense form of nutrients and protein that, when combined with high-calorie low-nutrient carbohydrates such as roots, allowed us to develop our large brains and intelligence (Procon.org). When looking at our teeth and length of guts they do not quite fit the bill for carnivores or herbivores therefore we look to our closest ancestors; apes and monkeys and they stick to a plant based diet with an occasional piece of meat. Some theorists think that going back and sticking to a plant based could be our next evolution. That we should only eat meat if it benefits it now. The the important question is how it impacts out bodies today (Newman). Completely converting an entire country into vegetarianism, let alone state, is impossible and would without a doubt would affect our economy. However, when it comes to a person wanting to better themselves and become a healthier person, then one person at a time is a good start. Being vegetarian is not impossible and depends on each individual person how much they believe it will affect them. Continuing a healthy lifestyle and making better choices when it comes to consumption are all part of vegetarianism and the different sub-diets within it. Taking out meat from your diet and replacing it with nuts or beans would benefit a persons health tremendously all while still fulfilling their nutritional needs. Society seems to be afraid of removing meat out of their diet because they could never live without it when evolution and humanity around you tells you the complete opposite. Stay openminded to new concept as this world continues to evolve. Works Cited Vegetarian ProCon.org.ProConorg Headlines, vegetarian.procon.org/. Harvard Health Publishing. Becoming a Vegetarian.Harvard Health, 2008, www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/becoming-a-vegetarian. Newman, Tim. Are We Supposed to Be Vegetarian?Medical News Today, MediLexicon International, 15 Nov. 2017, www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320047.php.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Diary Form Narrative in Dracula - 970 Words

Use Of The Diary Form Narrative in The Novel Dracula The Irish author, Bram Stoker, was a creative and intellectual writer, and as such, wrote the gothic novel Dracula in the diary form of narrative. This was a good choice of how to write the novel since it was very beneficial to the plot of Dracula. Examples of how the diary form is beneficial to Dracula are seen in his writing and book, as I will now commence in telling you. One of the greatest benefits of the diary narrative is that the reader is allowed see, and feel the emotional hearts and souls of the emotional characters. This is great because when a character is not feeling too great and is hiding something, the reader knows this, and therefore the reader†¦show more content†¦For instance, after Lucy had written what was happening to her when her mother passed away, the story went back in time for another important matter to take place. When, there are different people of different places, they can be identified by how they act and how they talk. If, Bram Stoker did not use the diary form narrative, this would not be possible because if one person was telling the whole story, the reader would see and hear what the person telling the story heard and wrote down. So using, the diary, Bram Stoker could make the reader see exactly how a person was talking and acting through the written dialects. In the novel Dracula, all the diaries, of all the individuals come together and in the end, become one powerful, combination of descriptions, facts, that represents a group as a whole and the reader can feel as if they are part of the group and read, and think along with the characters. Yet another thing dealing with the diary form is quick referencing. The reader, if needed, can easily flip back through the book to look for something that he needs or wants. The diary form is great! It lets a reader feel, and see how characters interpret things themselves. The form lets dialogues take place, it lets many pe ople altogether tell a story in first person, and it lets a reader be able to see densely detailed scenes through a person that isnt being a fool talking to him or her self. The diary form ofShow MoreRelatedThe Use of Secondary Sources in Bram Stokers Dracula637 Words   |  3 Pagesthroughout his novel in order to enhance the novel. He inserts a number of journal entries, newspaper articles, etc. instead of using a narrative point of view. By doing this, he has helped the reader understand more about what is going on, almost as if they are getting a behind-the-scenes view on the story, emotionally and physically. If Stoker had only used a narrative point of view, the reader wouldn’t know the character’s thoughts, emotions, or anything they were feeling at that moment. The personRead MoreAnalysis of Bram Stokers Dracula672 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿DRACULA BY BRAM STOKER The epistolary form of the novel consists of a narrative based on letters, diary entries, newspaper clippings and other documentary records. It helps to bring realism into the narrative by lacing it with personal and historical references. It helps to add believability by incorporating a variety of perspectives on the events and characters in the novel. This form works for Dracula because the log of the ship captain and the diary entries of Jonathan Harker provide personalRead MoreDracula: The Picture Perfect Ideal of Gothic Literature Essay1128 Words   |  5 PagesDracula: The Picture Perfect Ideal of Gothic Literature. Gothicism has been a very popular genre of book, through past and present, and Bram Stoker’s, Dracula, is no exception. One of the most widely read novels of all time, Dracula possesses all the features of a classic gothic novel. 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Differing from other vampire films, Twilight (2009) provides â€Å"different picture of a vampire† (Là ©talovà ¡, 2014, p. 1). Unlike their vampire â€Å"ancestors†, the vampire characters in Twilight (2009) are not afraid of daylight. They will glow and show their â€Å"true form† under the impact of direct sunlight. However

Is Security & Risk Management-Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Choose an Organisation and Investigate its Security Policies Including IT. Answer: Introduction The environment that involves devices, networks, software, processes, storage information, application services are to be protected from the mitigation of data breaches and cyber attacks (Glendon, Clarke McKenna, 2016). The IT and security standards plans and provides security to the information security management of the company. That highlights the international security standards, effective security practices and guidelines. Here we are choosing the Amazon for the further description of the security issues, protocols, security tools that are been utilized and hence the total risk management of the organization. Discussion of Protocols There are several layer of protocol in the security and privacy of an organization: Security socket layer (SSL); Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocols; secure IP (IPSec); Secure HTTP (S-HTTP), secure E-mail ( PGP and S/MIME), DNDSEC, SSH, and others (Hopkin, 2017). This network security protocol ensures the integrity and security of the data transfer over networks. There layers includes: Application Layer: PGP S/MIME S-HTTP HTTPS SET KERBEROS Transport Layer: SSL TLS Network Layer: IPSec VPN Data Link Layer: PPP RADIUS TACACS+ The selected organization uses these layers of protocol efficiently and effectively of the development and security. Analysis of Security Tools Security tools are anti-spyware program belongs to System security, promoted through the use of Trojan and Web pop-ups. Trojans are generally installed in the system software by proper knowledge and permission. Relevant analysis of security tools are referred to the Static Application Security Testing (SAST) tools. Amazon launches security and compliance analysis tool for Amazon Web Services (AWS) for identification of potential security issues. These tools are used to discover security vulnerability and those instances where the developer does not follow the practice of Web application. Depth of analysis of mapping of tools with OSI OSI refers to the model of the applications that can communicate over networks. This model is a conceptual framework to understand the relationships the main purpose of this OSI model is to guide the vendors and hence develop the digital communication products and programmable software may explain some clear comparisons amongst the communication tools (Stallings Tahiliani, 2014). The vendors that are involved in the telecommunications helps in describing the products and services related to the OSI model. The Amazon AWS compliance Program provides designed and managed security to the customer in alignment to various IT security standards: SOC 1/SSAE 16/ISAE 3402, SOC 2, SOC 3, ITAR, FISMA, DIACAP, and FedRAMP, PCI DSS Level 1, DOD CSM Levels 1-5, FIPS 140-2. The flexibility and control that AWS platform provides to the customers for the development of the industry and meet several specific standards are: Cloud Security Alliance (CSA), Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act(HIPAA), Criminal Justice Information Services(CJIS) and Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Discussing Policy and Auditing features Clear details of policy and auditing features helps in several ways like Monitoring the active directory, administrative activities day wise, Maintain compliances and Security improvement (McNeil, Frey Embrechts, 2015). The main features of the audits are Assessment of the scopes of policies issued and review the parameters, Assessment of the commitments that are complying with the policies and the degree in which the records of individual are available, compliance with the IT/ARE policies. The policies issued concerns the information systems, services and data (SSD): Nondisclosure of company information Data protection Personal use of the companys information resources Use of social media Bring your own device (BYOD) Information security Discussion of Vendors The vendors of Amazon have the programs and guidelines: Programs for Listing Items on Amazon.com, About Content Guidelines and Limited License Agreement. The Amazon vendors central interface of web normally used for the manufacturing and distributing. These are the first party sellers and by selling the bulks to the amazons they are called the suppliers. Logical map of organizational structure The main organizational/functional units covered by the security policy concept include: Construct concept maps Logical sequencing of concepts Organized lists Drawn pictures to explain concepts Conclusion An effective management of risk gives rise to some significant improvement in operational profitability and operational effectiveness. An approach to risk management is required in each sector of industry for the better security management and safety process in the near future. This provides protection against data breaches and cyber crimes occurrence. The application of an integrated risk management information system is quite important for the approach to safety. Amazon uses and protects its customers database in advanced and secure way. The risk exposures in potential business are a measurement against the risk that involves significant priorities. The standard as discussed is durable and hence takes the risk management approach empowering the government business to function safety, security and effectiveness. The concept of risk management is to determine the agencys possible risk appetite and the medium of communication, the implementation of agencys risk management framework an d its allocation as well as the roles and responsibilities for managing the individual risk. References Glendon, A. I., Clarke, S., McKenna, E. (2016). Human safety and risk management. Crc Press. Hopkin, P. (2017). Fundamentals of risk management: understanding, evaluating and implementing effective risk management. Kogan Page Publishers. Lam, J., 2014. Enterprise risk management: from incentives to controls. John Wiley Sons. McNeil, A. J., Frey, R., Embrechts, P. (2015). Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Narula, S., Jain, A. (2015, February). Cloud computing security: Amazon web service. InAdvanced Computing Communication Technologies (ACCT), 2015 Fifth International Conference on(pp. 501-505). IEEE. Stallings, W., Tahiliani, M. P. (2014). Cryptography and network security: principles and practice (Vol. 6). London: Pearson.